Three different experimental measurements, namely, theology, particle sizing, and x-ray diffraction (XRD), were used to study the effect of anionic additives on the properties of bentonite suspensions. The three additives were sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose, xanthan gum, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Flow curves were obtained from shear stress-shear rate measurements, and the viscoelastic properties were determined from oscillatory and transient measurements. Mineralogical data were evaluated by XRD and the particle size analysis performed by light scattering technique. The presence of the surfactant modifies the face-to-face interactions and yields changes of the mixtures theological behavior at low deformation rates. Polymers act by coating each clay particle and prevent their agglomeration. Therefore, the additives are responsible for the mechanisms of destructuration and structure reorganization as well as the mixtures viscous and viscoelastic behavior.