A dynamic model for a finite volume of cell based on physical principles is built in the form of a nonlinear state-space model to investigate dynamic behaviors of tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and develop a control relevant model for further control studies. Dynamic effects induced by diffusions, intrinsic impedance, fluid dynamics, heat exchange and direct internal reforming/shifting (DIR) reactions are all considered. Cell temperature, ingredient mole fractions, etc. are the state variables and their dynamics are investigated. Dynamic responses of each variable when the external load changes are simulated. Simulation results show that fuel flow, inlet pressure and temperature have significant effects on the dynamic performance of SOFC. Further it is shown that, compared to other inlet flow properties, cathode side air inlet temperature has the most significant effect on SOFC solid phase temperature and performance. Compared with inlet pressures and temperatures, the effect of flow velocity is not significant. Simulation also indicates that the transient response of SOFC is controlled mainly by the dynamics of cell temperature owing to its large heat capacity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.