Sb2O3 and Sb2O5 nanorods have been prepared by using a microemulsion method for the system of AOT-water-toluene. X-ray diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) were used to characterize the phase and size as well as shape of the Sb2O3 and Sb2O5 nanorods. These nanorods have a diameter of 10-50 nm and a length of up to 25 mu m. A possible mechanism for the formation of the nanorods is discussed.