Nanowires of single crystalline neodymium oxide have been successfully synthesized under mild conditions using surfactant-assisted assemblies composed of laurylamine hydrochloride and neodymium alkoxide modified with acetylacetone. The nanowire structure was characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, and nitrogen adsorption isotherms. Nd2O3 nanowires have a single crystalline structure with diameters ranging from 10 to 50nm and lengths of several hundred nanometers. This newly developed synthetic method can be easily extended to other rare earth metal oxides.