X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis was applied for the analysis of titanium (Ti) in the human oral mucosa in contact with Ti dental implants from two different patients. Metallic Ti and an oxide (anatase) were detected. The metallic Ti was distributed in particulate form, which would be debris formed by the abrasion during the operation of implantation. The possibility of using XAFS for the analysis of the chemical state of rarely contained elements in biological tissue was suggested.