Yttrium(III) nitrate hexahydrate [Y(NO3)(3).6H(2)O] as a catalyst for organic reaction is described for the first time. The catalytic activity is demonstrated using Biginelli reaction as a model under solvent-free conditions. Excellent yields of dihydropyrmidinones are obtained at 70 degrees C within a short reaction time (10-50 min) and the catalyst is also recyclable. Other advantages over the classical method include greater substrate compatibility, faster reaction rates and easy workup procedures. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.