(1-x)ZnNb2O6.xTiO(2) ceramics were prepared using both anatase and rutile forms of TiO2. At a composition of x = 0.58, a mixture region of ixiolite (ZnTiNb2O8) and rutile was observed and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (tau(f)) was similar to 0 ppm/degreesC. We found that although epsilon(r) and tau(f) were comparable, the quality factor (Q X f, Q approximate to 1/ tan delta ,f = resonant frequency) of 0.42ZnNb(2)O(6).0.58TiO(2) prepared from anatase and rutile was 6000 and 29 000, respectively. The origin of the difference in Q X f of both samples was investigated by measuring electrical conductivity and by analysis of the anatase-rutile phase transition. The anatase-derived sample had higher conductivity, which was related to the reduction of Ti4+. It is suggested that the increase of dielectric loss originates from an increase in Ti3+ and oxygen vacancies due to an anatase-rutile phase transition.