Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol.86, No.7, 1132-1137, 2003
Reactive-templated grain growth of Bi-1/2(Na,K)(1/2)TiO3: Effects of formulation on texture development
In this paper we report the effects of formulation on texture development for the "reactive-templated grain growth" (RTGG) of Bi-1/2(Na,K)(1/2)TiO3 (BNKT). The solids formulation for BNKT was systematically varied by prereacting to well-defined alkali and bismuth titanates (Na2Ti3O7 (N2T3), K2Ti2O5 (K2T2), and Bi2Ti4O11 (B2T4)). Use of these precursors in different BNKT formulations determined that the amount of expansion associated with reacting dry-pressed compacts at 600-800degreesC could be influenced by formulation. Lotgering factors (F-00l) derived from Theta/2Theta X-ray diffraction scans indicated that the formulation route strongly affected the {00l} texture development in tape-cast and sintered specimens. Prereacting alkali carbonates with TiO2 to form N2T3 and K2T2 inhibited texture development in RTGG-processsed BNKT. However, when Bi2O3 was prereacted to form B2T4, the measured F-00l increased from 0.5 to 0.7.