This study examined the characteristics of calcium phosphate coatings deposited on a NaOH-pretreated titanium substrate by electrodeposition in a modified simulated body fluid (SBF) immediately after electrodeposition as well as after the coatings had been immersed in the SBF for 5 d in order to determine the effects of a NaOH pretreatment on the bioactive coating prior to electrodeposition. The results showed that a dense and uniform coating that consisted of brushite and hydroxyapatite had formed on the NaOH-pretreated titanium substrate by electrodeposition. This coating had transformed to a bonelike apatite during immersion in the SBF. This was attributed to the increased surface area of the modified titanium formed after the NaOH treatment as well as the Na+ ions released from that surface. Therefore, a NaOH pretreatment is recommended as an effective method for preparing a bioactive calcium phosphate coating by electrodeposition.