CdMoO4 nano-particles were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal process at a low temperature of 90 degrees C, and the powders were characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescent spectra techniques (PL), respectively. CdMoO4 particles could be obtained under the hydrothermal condition from micrometer to nanometer sizes by varying their precursors. The PL spectra results showed that the optical properties of CdMoO4 crystallites obviously relied on their particle sizes.