화학공학소재연구정보센터
Combustion and Flame, Vol.117, No.1-2, 117-139, 1999
Computational and experimental study of soot formation in a coflow, laminar diffusion flame
A detailed soot growth model in which the equations for particle production have been coupled to the flow and gaseous species conservation equations has been developed for an axisymmetric, laminar, coflow diffusion flame. Results from the model have been compared to experimental data for a confined methane-air flame. The two-dimensional system couples detailed transport and finite rate chemistry in the gas phase with the aerosol equations in the sectional representation. The formulation includes detailed treatment of the transport, inception, surface growth, oxidation, and coalescence of soot particulates. Effects of thermal radiation and particle scrubbing of gas-phase growth and oxidation species are also included. Predictions and measurements of temperature, soot volume fractions, and selected species are compared over a range of heights and as a function of radius. Flame heights are somewhat overpredicted and local temperatures and volume fractions are underpredicted. We believe the inability to reproduce accurately bulk flame parameters directly inhibits the ability to predict soot volume fractions and these differences are likely a result of uncertainties in the experimental inlet conditions. Predictions of the distributions of particle sizes indicate the existence of (relatively) low-molecular-weight species along the centerline of the burner and trace amounts of the particles that escape from the flame, unoxidized. Oxidation of particulates is dominated by reactions with hydroxyl radicals which attain levels approximately 10 times higher than calculated equilibrium levels. Gas cooling effects due to radiative loss are shown to have a very significant effect on predicted soot concentrations.