Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol.218, No.2-4, 327-333, 2000
Structural defects in flux-grown stoichiometric LiNbO3 single crystals
The effect of growth conditions on the crystal perfection of stoichiometric lithium niobate LiNbO3 prepared by the high-temperature top-seeded solution growth technique (HTTSSG) from potassium containing flux was investigated. Flux compositions between 0.09 and 0.21 K2O/LiNbO3 ratio were tested, and it was found that LiNbO3 forms an eutectic system with the K2O, which is considered as the solvent in the system. The exact composition of the eutectic is close to the 1:5 molar ratio of K2O and LiNbO3. Stoichiometric crystals with homogeneous composition were grown from fluxes in the range of 0.16-0.195 K2O/LiNbO3 ratio. The formation of the structural defects (faceting and ferroelectric domain reversal) have been examined for growth along the Z = [0 0 0 1], Y = [0 1 (1) over bar 0], X = [2 (1) over bar (1) over bar 0], [0 1 (1) over bar 1] and [0 (2) over bar 2 1] directions. The development of facets occurred primarily along the {0 1.2} pyramidal planes. Close connection was found between faceted growth and the appearance of domain reversal.