Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol.219, No.4, 368-378, 2000
Enhancement in the crystalline quality of palladium silicide films: multiple versus single deposition
Alternate deposition and anneal cycles involving the deposition of 100 Angstrom of Pd metal and annealing at 350 degreesC are used to grow thick Pd2Si films on Si(1 1 1). The surface ordering and bulk crystal properties are compared to films grown by using a single deposition of 200-600 Angstrom Pd metal followed by annealing at 350 degreesC to give the same nominal Pd2Si film thickness. We observe that the surface of the multiple deposition samples remains well ordered after total depositions of 100, 400 and 600 Angstrom Pd. For the single deposition method, the onset of degradation in surface ordering is observed even at the 200 Angstrom Pd metal deposition indicating that there are Pd2Si grains ((15 A) present in the upper portion of the film. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the bulk structure of the multiple deposition film is single crystal in nature, while the single deposition film has a polycrystalline upper layer. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction data indicate that not only is the polycrystalline portion concentrated at the top of the film, but also the grain size may be smaller near the surface. Growth mechanisms to explain the differences between the multiple and single deposition films are explored.