A transient refractive index grating is formed in barium fluoride crystals under irradiation with femtosecond laser pulses from two non-collinear beams. At low intensities energy coupling takes place. At high intensities, a typical self-diffraction pattern is obtained with a diffraction efficiency better than 10%. Simultaneously, an enhancement of the SHG signal from the surface, as well as the generation and diffraction of the third harmonic is observable. For all effects the nonlinear Kerr-effect is responsible, with the response time being limited only by the temporal pulse shape.