Brief explanation is given on the current progress in bioprocess systems engineering. Particular attention is focused on optimization and control of bioprocesses. Performance evaluation was made by comparing the noninferior sets in the vector-valued objective-function space. Applications are made to such microbial systems as biomass producing systems, metabolite producing systems, extractive fermentation systems, cell recycle systems with cross-flow filtration. As for the control system design, attention is focused on the on-line optimization and knowledge-based intelligent control such as neuro-fuzzy control for the efficient production of gene products.