Atomic and molecular size devices are the ultimate goal of those working on, for example, nanoscale patterning and templating techniques. The various approaches to nanophase materials with stringent requirements of size, shape, and dimensionality are discussed recent highlights are described, and the advantages to be gained by working on this scale with zeolites (see figure), LB films, fullerenes, organic polymer hosts, semiconductor clusters, porous silicon, STM technology and much mom are reviewed.