This article provides a comprehensive review of the synthesis, properties and applications of organometallic polymers of the transition metals. The different classes of organometallic polymers are described according to their structural make-up, as well as by their methods of synthesis. A number of examples of each class are given to emphasize the richness and diversity in these areas of research. In addition to linear polymers, hyperbranched, crosslinked, star and dendritic polymers are also described. The properties that transition metal-containing organometallic polymers possess, as well as the applications that these materials have found in various domains are highlighted.