Raman spectroscopy, which does not require a time-consuming sample preparation, is described as an analytical tool for the high-throughput characterization of polyethylenes. The content of comonomer and the amount of methyl groups per 1000 carbon atoms of polyethylenes can be predicted from Raman spectra using multivariate data analysis. In addition, macroscopic properties, such as density and elastic modulus as well as yield stress, can be derived from Raman spectra.