A Nanodevice was constructed by delta-free FoF1-ATPase within chromatophores and actin filaments through biotinlipid-streptavidinbiotin-(AC(5))(2)Sulfo-OSu system. One actin filament linking with many chromatophores functions as the Nanodevice body and many delta-free FoF1-ATPase as the Nanodevice motors. Movement of the Nanodevice was observed directly by fluorescence microscopy with CCD camera after illumination. The moving speed was about 2.17-24.43 mu m/s for various length Nanodevices and most of them were stopped by adding CCCP. This means that the Nanodevice was driven by PMF (proton-motive force) in the cooperating delta-free FoF1-ATPase. From bioengineering point of view, the cooperation of FoF(1)-ATPase is a very important research field in the future. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.