Metaxin is an outer membrane protein of mammalian mitochondria which is suggested to be involved in protein import into the organelle, RNA blot analysis showed that distribution of metaxin mRNA in human tissues differs from that of mRNA for the translocase component Tom20. Effect of overexpression of human metaxin on mitochondrial preprotein import and processing in COS-7 cells was studied. Overexpression of metaxin resulted in impaired mitochondrial import of natural and chimeric preproteins and in their accumulation, We previously reported that overexpression of Tom20 in cultured cells causes inhibition of import of mitochondrial preprotein. Coexpression of metaxin with Tom20 had no further effect on the preprotein import. Overexpression of the cytosolic domain of metaxin also caused inhibition of preprotein import, although less strongly than the full-length metaxin, In blue native PAGE, Tom40, Tom22, and a portion of Tom20 migrated as a complex of similar to 400 kDa, and the other portion of Tom20 migrated in smaller forms of similar to 100 and similar to 40 kDa. On the other hand, metaxin migrated at a position of similar to 50 kDa, These results confirm earlier in vitro results that metaxin participates in preprotein import into mammalian mitochondria, and indicates that it does not associate with the Tom complex.