The synthesis of decanoate beta-cyclodextrin esters (beta-CDd) and hexanoate beta-cyclodextrin esters (beta-CDh) was biocatalyzed by thermolysin from native beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and vinyl hexanoate or vinyl decanoate used as acyl donors. The products were chemically characterized by infrared, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Both beta-CDd and beta-CDh esters were identified as a mixture of beta-CD preferentially substituted on the C2 position by the corresponding acyl chain. The degree of substitution varied from 2 to 7 for beta-CDd and from 4 to 8 for beta-CDh. The ability of beta-CD esters to self-organize into nanoparticles was tested using a nanoprecipitation technique in various solvents. The mean size diameter and polydispersity measured by quasi-elastic light scattering were dramatically affected by the nature of solvent (acetone, ethanol, or tetrahydrofuran) used in the nanoprecipitation technique. When directly observed using cryo-transmission electron microscopy, beta-CDh appeared as uniformly dense nanospheres, whereas beta-CDd exhibited a multilamellar onion-like organization. A structural model was rationalized for the beta-CDd nanoparticles.