Aims: This paper provides information on a PCR-ELISA method for detecting Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), and on their prevalence in dairy products. Methods and Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the test was evaluated using pure cultures, spiked and naturally-contaminated samples. A comparative study with vero cytotoxicity testing was conducted, and STEC isolated from naturally-contaminated samples were characterized. The PCR-ELISA test was highly specific and sensitive, and detected 14% more positive samples than the vero cell assay. The prevalence of STEC in raw milk and unpasteurized cheese was 21.5% and 30.5%, respectively, while samples from the 'dairy environment' and from pasteurized cheese were less contaminated. The 34 strains of STEC isolated from natural samples showed that some of them carried virulence genes. Conclusions: No conclusion can be drawn at the moment concerning the potential risk to consumers. Significance and Impact of the Study: These data show the necessity of valuable screening methods to appreciate the virulence of STEC.