This paper reviews some of the more novel methods for carbon dioxide separation from flue and fuel gas streams. These methods include electrochemical pumps, membranes, and chemical looping approaches to CO2 separation. Electrochemical pumps discussed include carbonate and proton conductors. Selective membranes for hydrogen separation are discussed as a method for carbon dioxide concentration in fuel gas streams. The selective membranes include mixed ionic-electronic (solid electrolyte-metal) films as well as palladium-based materials. Chemical looping combustion is briefly discussed. The fundamental mechanisms behind these techniques will be explained, and recent advances in these methods are emphasized. Future research directions are suggested and an extensive list of references is provided. Published by Elsevier B.V.