Energy & Fuels, Vol.10, No.2, 450-462, 1996
Relating Feedstock Composition to Product Slate and Composition in Catalytic Cracking .2. Feedstocks Derived from Brass-River, a High-Quality Nigerian Crude
The fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) behavior of compound types present in the >650 degrees F resid from Brass River (Nigerian) crude was investigated. Liquid chromatography and distillation were employed for separation of selected compound type fractions from the resid; the resulting fractions were then cracked using a bench scale FCC unit. The FCC behavior for each compound type was defined in terms of the resulting product distribution (yields of gas, gasoline, etc.) sulfur and nitrogen partitioning, and in selected cases, gasoline composition. Results obtained from Brass River fractions were compared to those obtained from an earlier FCC study of compound types from Wilmington, CA, > 650 degrees F resid. Correlations were derived for gasoline and coke yields from feedstocks derived from either crude. Brass River is a sweet, paraffinic crude which gives rise to a >650 degrees F resid with very favorable FCC characteristics. Although the bulk of the FCC gasoline was produced from cracking hydrocarbon types present, significant gasoline production also occurred from heteroatomic compounds (acids/bases) in Brass River. Conversely, negligible gasoline production was observed previously from cracking Wilmington acid/base types. However, feedstocks from both crudes exhibited greater conversion of sulfide sulfur to H2S compared to thiophenic forms of sulfur, and greater carryover of acidic forms of nitrogen (e.g., carbazole) compared to basic forms (e.g., quinoline). Overall gasoline composition depended on hydrocarbon type composition of feedstocks but was also influenced by presence of acids and/or bases in the feed. On the other hand, the detailed distribution of isomers within a given gasoline homolog, e.g., C-3-benzenes or C-9 isoparaffins, was nearly independent of feed composition. Results obtained for Brass River will serve as benchmarks for future FCC data obtained from low-quality feedstocks.
Keywords:NITROGEN-COMPOUNDS