Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol.27, No.2, 179-186, 2003
Phase transfer catalyzed intramolecular cycloalkylation of phenylacetonitrile with alpha,omega-dibromoalkanes in supercritical ethane
An intramolecular cycloalkylation of phenylacetonitrile (PAN) with different alpha,omega-dibromoalkanes in supercritical fluids under phase transfer catalysis (PTC) conditions is reported. In particular, the cycloalkylation of PAN with an excess of 1,4-dibromobutane has been studied in the presence of tetrabutylammonium. bromide and potassium carbonate as a base in supercritical ethane at 70 degreesC and 11.0 MPa. The reaction was complete in less than 6 It yielding selectively the desired cycloadduct in the presence of a PTC, but conversion in the absence of catalyst was low. A cycloalkylation methodology has been developed using several dibromoalkanes, viz., 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,3-dibromopropane, 1,4-dibromobutane, 1,5-dibromopentane, 1,6-dibromohexane and 1,10-dibromodecane. When the cycloalkylation was performed in the presence of supercritical CO2, mono- and di-alkylated products were observed in addition to the cycloadduct. To compare the effect of SC ethane solvent, reactions were also carried out using different conventional solvents such as hexane, tert-butyl methyl ether, ethyl acetate and chlorobenzene. Use of SC ethane gave considerably better yields of products than the other solvents. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.