This paper critically examines the underlying premises of indoor climate control technologies and the HVAC industry (heating, ventilating, air-conditioning). It questions whether ＇total environmental control＇ is possible, effective and desirable. The paper also reviews the methods and terminology of thermal comfort science focusing on the question of predictability of people＇s environmental preferences. The paper concludes with a review of recent critical observations and ideas that transcend conventional control technologies and corresponding comfort standards toward new vistas in environmental design.