Superhydrophobic polyaniline (PANI) hollow spheres (see figure and cover) with high conductivity were self-assembled by using perfluorooctane sulfuric acid (PFOSA) as both dopant and soft template. It is proposed that these spheres are formed by a co-operative effect of two self-assembly processes: spherical micelles composed of PFOSA serve as a "microreactor" and PFOS/aniline salt micelles act as the soft template of the PANI nanofibers.