Global fossil fuel consumption is growing, and with it energy-related CO2 emissions(2). The protocol agreed at the third Conference of the Parties (COP3) in Kyoto in December 1997 set out commitments to limit greenhouse gas emissions for industrialised countries for the period 2008-2012, These commitments have significant implications for the use of primary energy sources, since fossil fuel combustion is responsible for about three-quarters of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. An accurate picture of the sources of CO2 emissions and the underlying trends of energy supply and demand can help policy makers develop targeted and efficient emission-limitation policies. This paper presents national, regional and global trends in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion, focusing in particular on Annex I countries, whose CO2 emissions mere 4.5% lower in 1995 than in 1990, due to the decline in emissions from countries with economics in transition.