The present study is the outcome of a research assess of the thermopower generation and the environmental impacts in Brazil. The idea was to establish a comparative analysis between the expansion of the power operation and the emissions of pollutants, for carrying out new prospective studies on this topic, as well as new regulatory proposal for the electricity system and the potential environmental risk related. Under the Decceniall Expansion Plan of Brazilian Government, the country＇s total installed capacity will grow from 57.6 GW in 1997 to 90.2 GW in 2006, with the hydroelectric share declining from 92 to 83%, and the thermoelectric share growing from 8 to 17% over the same period, The option of thermopower plants could be a good opportunity to open the Brazilian Electric Sector to private investors, considering that low public financial capacity of the public sector to expand the electric system. But it is important to note that the new power plants could generate large environmental impacts to the atmosphere if not controlled. This paper deals specifically with the analysis of atmospheric pollution from coal and natural gas power plants and the policy related in the the two fields mentioned above.