The exfoliation behavior of montmorillonites modified with poly(oxyalkylene)s (POAs) in polypropylene [PP) as polymer matrix was examined to evaluate their use for minimization of interfacial tension in the system, as well as to explore the possibility to use the POA intercalation in clay layers to improve the electrical conductivity of polymers moderately. The results were compared with those of PP nanocomposites (NC's) containing conventional alkylammonium modified clays using FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally the exfoliation process without shear stress was followed by time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering measurements of premixed samples at 200 degrees C. PP NC's with an inorganic content of 5 wt% were prepared by melt compounding using a batch process combining a cokneader and a twin screw extruder, and the mechanical properties of injection molded samples were evaluated. The mechanical testing of the NC's reflected the influence of the structure and molecular weight of the polymeric modifiers. Furthermore, the influence of clay, clay modification, and polymer on the electrical conductivity of the samples were systematically examined and improvements compared to PP could be achieved.