This article investigates the spatial distribution of energy intensities in 98 countries over the period 1971-2001. To achieve this aim, a non-parametric approach is applied to examine the dynamics of the entire cross-sectional distribution. The results reveal the presence of a convergence process in energy efficiency levels across the sample countries during the study period, as a result of the evolution experienced by those countries located at both ends of the distribution in 1971. Nevertheless, the estimates carried out suggest that this process will not continue indefinitely. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.