For the material and economic needs of mankind, the task of chemical engineers is not only to advance knowledge (Athena) for new or better chemical technology, but also to apply that knowledge to new or better products and processes (Hercules). Toward those ends, some useful tools are provided by classical and statistical thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, molecular simulations and, perhaps most important, by utilizing suitable physico-chemical properties revealed by chemistry. However, in the postmodern world, Athena and Hercules are not sufficient. Social and political trends clearly indicate that chemical engineers must also give increasing attention to cultural needs, not only to such well-known requirements as safety, sustainability and environmental protection, but also to sensitive awareness of a variety of human factors such as cultural heritage, diversity in the workforce, special needs of women and families, and continuity between what we do at work and what we do at leisure (Nausica). In the 21st century, the public we serve demands integration of chemical technology with those humanities that promote a more just society and a more meaningful life. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.