Thermoelectric PbTe nanowire arrays have successfully been fabricated by dc electrodeposition in conjunction with porous anodic alumina templates prepared via a two-step anodization process. X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and selected-area electron diffraction results indicate that the as-deposited samples are single crystal with a NaCl-type structure. The morphology and the structure of PbTe nanowires have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the PbTe nanowire arrays have a high-filling rate and in large area are dense and continuous.