Studies on the Separation Performances of Chlorophenol Compounds from Water by Thin Film Composite Membranes

Yogesh; K. M. Popat; B. Ganguly; H. Brahmbhatt; A. Bhattacharya

Macromolecular Research, Vol.16, No.7, 590-595, October, 2008

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Studies on the Separation Performances of Chlorophenol Compounds from Water by Thin Film Composite Membranes

Yogesh, K. M. Popat, B. Ganguly, H. Brahmbhatt, and A. Bhattacharya^†

Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat-364002, India

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The pressure driven membrane process has been a breakthrough in the removal of pollutants from drinking water. These experiments examined the removal of chlorophenol compounds from water using low pressure membranes. The removal performance of the membranes was based primarily on size exclusion. Apart from size exclusion, the polarity and pKa of the compounds also influences the membrane performance. The molecular size and dipole moments of the respective molecules were calculated using a quantum chemical method. The rejection of pollutants also followed the same trend as salt rejection by the membranes.

Keywords:rejection;phenol compounds;polarity;molecular weight;molecular volume

[References]

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[1] P. J. Chapman, in Degradation of synthetic organic molecules in the biosphere, P. J. Chapman and S. Dagley, Eds., National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C., 1972, pp. 17

[2] B. Bukasowska and S. Kowalska, Curr. Top. Biophys., 27, 43 (2003)

[3] G. P. Genoni, Ecotoxical Environ. Safety, 36, 27 (1997)

[4] M. LaGrega, P. Buckingham, and J. Evans, Hazardous Waste Management, McGraw-Hill Inc, New York, 1994

[5] J. M. Gohil, P. Ray, and A. Bhattacharya, Science and Culture, 71, 348 (2005)

[6] The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th edition, Chicago, Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1998, Vol. 2

[7] K. C. Ghanta, A. K. Ghosh, and V. Ramchandharan, J. Polym. Mat., 22, 313 (2005)

[8] C. F. Schuttle, Desalination, 158, 285 (2003)

[9] U. Ipek, Filtr. Separat., 41, 39 (2004)

[10] A. Bhattacharya, P. Ray, H. Brahmbhatt, K. N. Vyas, S. V. Joshi, C. V. Devmurari, and J. J. Trivedi, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 102, 3575 (2006)

[11] J. M. Gohil, A. Bhattacharya, and P. Ray, J. Surf. Sci. Tech., 20, 1 (2004)

[12] P. Radvanovic, S. W. Thiel, and S. T. Hwang, J. Membr. Sci., 65, 213 (1992)

[13] P. Radvanovic, S. W. Thiel, and S. T. Hwang, J. Membr. Sci., 65, 231 (1992)

[14] C. Stropnik and V. Kaiser, Desalination, 145, 1 (2002)

[15] P. W. Morgan, Condensation Polymers: By interfacial and solution methods, Interscience Publishers, NY, 1965

[16] A. Bhattacharya and P. Ghosh, Rev. Chem. Eng., 20, 111 (2004)

[17] M. J. S. Dewar, E. G. Zobisch, E. F. Healy, and J. J. P. Stewart, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 107, 3902 (1985)

[18] TITAN, Wavefunction, Inc, 18401 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 370, Irvine CA 92612 USA, Schrodinger, Inc., 1500 SW First Avenue, Suite 1180, Portland, OR 97201 USA

[19] I. N. Levine, Quantum Chemistry, 5th ed., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, 2000, Chapter 16

[20] M. C. Zerner, in Reviews in Computational Chemistry, K. B. Lipkowitz and D. B. Boyd, Eds., VCH, New York, 1991, Vol. 2, p.313

[21] B. Vander Bruggen, J. Schaep, D. Wilms, and C. Vandecasteele, J. Membr. Sci., 156, 29 (1999)

[22] A. Bhattacharya, Sep. Purif. Rev., 35, 1 (2005)

[23] C. C. Chambers, G. D. Hawkins,, C. C. Chambers, G. D. Hawkins, C. J. Cramer, and D. G. Truhlar, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 16385 (1996)

[24] J. Yang and M. L. Cheng, The Analyst, Published in Web (2001)

[25] L. J. Gaw, C. Cheng-Nan, and W. J. Ren, Water Sci. Tech., 33, 75 (1996)

[26] K. B. Lipkowitz and D. B. Boyd, Illustrated Handbook of Physical - Chemical Properies and Environmental Fate of Organic Chemicals, Lewis Publishers, pp 351 and 374, 1997