New polymer structures have been synthesized via Diels-Alder cycloaddition of bisdiene compounds bearing two anthracene groups and different bisdienophiles, all containing bismaleimide or biscitraconimide functions. The monomers and polymers were characterized by FTIR, UV, and H-1 NMR techniques and compared with two models having a cycloadduct structure. The polymers were studied by thermogravimetric analyses. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.