The continuous nanofiber yarns of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA)/nano-beta-tricalcium phosphate (n-TCP) composite are prepared from oppositely charged electrospun nanofibers by conjugate electrospinning with coupled spinnerets. The morphology and mechanical properties of PLLA/n-TCP nanofiber yarns are characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and electronic fiber strength tester. The results show that PLLA/n-TCP nanofibers are aligned well along the longitudinal axis of the yarn, and the concentration of PLLA plays a significant role on the diameter of the nanofibers. The thicker yarn of PLLA/n-TCP composite with the weight ratio of 10/1 has been produced by multiple conjugate electrospinning using three pairs of spinnerets, and. the yarn has tensile strength of 0.31cN/dtex. A preliminary study of cell biocompatibility suggests that PLLA/n-TCP nanofiber yarns may be useable scaffold materials. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.