Langmuir, Vol.24, No.6, 2412-2420, 2008
Synthesis, characterization, adsorption, and interfacial rheological properties of four-arm anionic fluorosurfactants
Four-arm oligo(fluorooxetane) tetraols containing -CF3 and -C2F5 groups were prepared in reasonable yields by cationic, ring-opening polymerization of fluorinated oxetane monomers using a tetrafunctional, alkoxylated polyol. as initiator and BF3 center dot THF as catalyst. The tetraols were then converted to ammonium sulfate salts using oleum followed by neutralization with ammonium hydroxide in excellent yields. The four-arm oligo(fluorooxetane) sulfates (1 = -CF3, 2 = -C2F5) have an architecture characterized by a hydrophobic core of oligo(fluorooxetane) arms with a hydrophilic sulfate shell and initiator. The four-arm anionic oligo(fluorooxetane)s are surface active with critical micelle concentration values approximate to 4.2 x 10(-6) and 2.4 x 10(-6) mou/L for 1 and 2, respectively. Surface tension isotherms in pH 8 buffered solution were measured and data fitted parametrically to the Davies surface tension isotherm equation. Molecular areas at saturation were estimated to be similar to 89 and similar to 85 angstrom(2) with Delta G(ads) = -12.7 and -13.2 kcal/mol for 1 and 2, respectively. The results are compared to two-arm, bolaamphiphilic analogues of I and 2 and a small molecule, Iona perfluoroalkyl-chain (-C8F17), anionic fluorosurfactant (Kausch, C. M.; Kim, Y.; Russell, V. M.; Medsker, R. E.; Thomas, R. R. Langmuir 2003, 19, 7182). Dynamic surface tension data for 1 and 2 were analyzed using the Ward-Tordai mass transport equation to yield concentration-dependent diffusion coefficients. In the concentration ranue approximate to 10(-6) mou/L, diffusion coefficients were estimated to be approximate to 1 - 3 x 10(-5) cm(2)/s. Dilational interfacial theological parameters for 1 and 2 were measured. Values of vertical bar E vertical bar and E' were found to be larger than those of the two-arm analogues of the same perfluoroalkyl chain length while E" and phi were found to be smaller. The magnitude of these values reflects the difference in adsorption strength and mass transport and/or relaxation between the two different architectures.