In the first three papers of this series, it has been shown that strengthening internal heat integration within a reactive distillation column involving reactions with high thermal effect is really effective for the reduction of utility consumption and capital investment besides the improvement in process dynamics and operation. One important issue that remains unstudied so far is the influences of reaction selectivity upon the reinforcement of internal heat integration, since the reaction operation is often accompanied by side-reactions and the maintenance of a high selectivity is extremely necessary in process synthesis and design. A reactive distillation column synthesizing high-purity ethylene glycol through the hydration of ethylene oxide is chosen and studied in this work. Because of the unfavorable physicochemical properties of the reacting mixture separated (e.g., the fairly large volatility between the reactants and the existence of a consecutive side-reaction), the process represents a challenging problem for the reinforcement of internal heat integration. Intensive comparison is conducted between the process designs with and without the consideration of further internal heat integration between the reaction operation and the separation operation involved, and it has been found that seeking further internal heat integration still leads to a substantial reduction of energy requirement, in addition to a further abatement in capital investment. Moreover, a favorable effect is again observed upon the process dynamics and operability. These striking outcomes manifest evidently that seeking further internal heat integration should be considered in process synthesis and design irrespective of what a reaction selectivity has been assigned. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.