The aim of this article is to explore the fundamental and technological incentive for the molecular design, synthesis, and aggregation behavior of conjugated organic molecules with photo-electronic activity, and the fabrication of low-dimensional organic conjugated nanomaterials by self-assembly techniques. The properties of large oriented nanostructure arrays of organic charge transfer complexes based on conjugated molecules are also discussed. The dimension-dependent emission properties have been observed, and conductivity, field emission properties, and sensing properties have been studied for the low dimensional nanostructures of nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorods, and nanostructure arrays.