Investigations were carried out as part of a collaborative project to develop a commercial-scale fine coal cleaning process to remove pyritic sulfur. Wet processes, particularly for ultrafine (< 0.1 mm) material, were studied. Initially the suitability of some commercially available enhanced gravity concentrators to separate fine coal was determined. A small-diameter water-only cyclone was developed to treat coal crushed to < 0.2 mm, and the results of tests are presented. Single-, two-and three-stage froth flotation tests were carried out to compare the results with those obtained from the water-only cyclone and combinations of the water-only cyclone with froth Rotation. The reduction in sulfur emission value that can be achieved depends on the sulfur liberation characteristics of the feed material. The emission value of a high-sulfur (2.86 wt%) run-of-mine coal was reduced from 1321 to 881 g of sulfur per GJ: a reduction of 33.3%: at a CV loss of 8.4%. PI middlings material of 6.13 wt% sulfur content crushed and re-treated gave a reduction in emission value from 2795 to 1783 g of sulfur per GJ: 36.2% at a CV loss of 17.7%.