Once again Swedish forest industries are supposed to face a new threatening shortage of wood. Therefore, demonstration of new ideas of producing wood for pulp and fuels (heat, ethanol, hydrogen gas, dimethylether, electricity) in the most southern part of Sweden was very welcome. one example of new ideas is that some farmers planted hybrid poplars on abandoned farming land at Sangletorp (33 ha), Johannesholm (15 ha), Kadesjo (11 ha) and Nasbyholm (2 ha) in the southernmost part of Sweden in 1991. Some of these plantations were harvested in 2004, but some are still growing. The harvested wood had been used for pulp and fuel. The results of the harvest and of the plantations that are still growing are analysed here from an economic, ecologic and energy point of view. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.