The fuelwood commonly used in the Western Cape of South Africa, namely Acacia cyclops (Rooikrans), Acacia erioloba (Camelthorn), Eucalyptus cladocalyx (Blue gum), Pinus patula (South African pine) and Vitis vinifera (Vine stumps), was evaluated with regards to its calorific value and environmental impact when burned. Properties, such as density, ash content and elemental composition were determined and related to the calorific value. it could be demonstrated that the wood with the highest calorific value does not necessarily constitute the best option as fuelwood, if environmental factors are taken into account. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.