Glypican 3 (GPC3), a GPI-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is expressed in the majority of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. Using MRL/Ipr mice, we Successfully generated a series of anti-GPC3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). GPC3 was partially cleaved between Arg358 and Ser359, generating a C-teriminal 30-kDa fragment and an N-terminal 40-kDa fragment. All mAbs that induced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and/or cornplement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against cells expressing GPC3 recognized the 30-kDa fragment, indicating that the C-terminal region of GPC3 serves as all epitope for mAb with ADCC and/or CDC inducing activities. Chimeric mAbs with Fc replaced by human IgG1 were created from GC33, one of the mAbs that reacted with the C-terminal 30-kDa fragment. Chimeric GC33 induced not only ADCC against GPC3-positive human HCC cells but also was efficacious against the HUh-7 human HCC xenograft. Thus, mAbs against the C-terminal 30-kDa fragment Such as GC33 are useful in therapy targeting HCC. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.