A novel direct electron-transfer (DET)-based biofuel cell was established using indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrates and hemoglobin (Hb) as the electrocatalyst for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cathodic reaction systems. The anodic reaction utilized the oxidation of hydrogen (H-2) at platinum (Pt), and a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with pH 7.4 solution was employed as the electrolyte in this study. The observed open-circuit voltage (OCV) and the maximum power density in the assembled single cell at room temperature were 0.34 V and 0.15 mu W cm(-2), respectively.