In recent years, the process systems engineering (PSE) community has recognized the need to address chemical enterprises comprising globally distributed, but strongly interacting, facilities. We examine this extension of PSE, which we call the PSE of enterprise (PSE2), as it relates to the five traditional PSE areas of system representation, modeling and simulation, synthesis and design, planning and scheduling. and control and supervision. We illustrate the strong structural, operational, and methodological parallels between PSE and PSE2 in this study. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.