In this study, an ecotoxicological survey of complex mixture effluents collected from textile, leather and municipal influents and effluents, an unsanitary landfill leachate, and river waters and sediments of the Ergene River Basin is presented. Acute toxicity tests were applied by bacterial luminescence method with Vibriofischeri and expressed as Toxicity Unit (T.U.) defined as 100/EC50. In parallel, conventional pollution parameters (COD, BOD, NH4, sulfide, color, etc.) and heavy metals were analyzed. The results indicate that river water and sediments are polluted severely and urgently need to control.