Energy & Fuels, Vol.23, No.7, 3497-3509, 2009
Stability of Ni-Ce Catalysts Supported over Al-PVA Modified Mineral Clay in Dry Reforming of Methane
Ni-Ce catalysts supported over modified smectite were evaluated in the CO2 reforming of methane by carrying Out experiments between 500 and 800 degrees C under two temperature conditions (increase and decrease) and 30 L g(-1) h(-1) without previous reduction. The smectite used was modifed by aluminum, microwaves treatment, and PVA addition. The catalysts were characterized through XRD, TPR-H-2, TPO, TEM, and elemental chemical analysis. The effect of the precalcination temperature (500 and 900 degrees C) in catalysts with nominal Ce contents of 0, 3, 5, and 10 wt. % was analyzed. The stability of the catalysts Was evaluated ill tests Of LIP to 100 h of reaction at 700 degrees C and 60 L g(-1) h(-1). The Ce has a promoting effect on the activity and selectivity of the catalysts in the tests according to the temperature and increases the stability Of the catalysts Under long operation times. The calcination temperature of the solids affects the formation of Ni-reducible species, which at the same time affects the catalytic activity and coke Formation in the materials. The catalysts register conversions between 75 and 80%, selectivities between 65 and 75%, and H-2/CO ratios between 0.9 and 1.1 with low levels of carbon formation. The stability of the catalysts calcined at 800 degrees C is higher than that of the catalysts calcined at 500 degrees C, which is related with the coke formation. The catalysts with 3% of Ce showed the lowest coke formation levels in the catalytic tests according to the temperature. During the reaction, especially, carbon nanotubes and small amounts of amorphous carbon were formed.