Mankind's behaviors in immoderate use of the energy resources and its high-speed economic development have resulted in serious problems, and in the mean time the huge quantity of greenhouse gases exhausted from the fuel consumption has led to more environmental pollution. Since 2003, the conception of low carbon economy has been put forward, suggesting that the economic development should follow the way of low energy consumption, low pollution, and low emission. In China, with the increasing development of low carbon economy, we also have encountered both opportunities and challenges. In this article, the author starts with the characteristics of the Chinese industrial structure and the energy consumption, concluding that it is imperative for China to develop the low carbon economy for the time being. Based on the features of Chinese energy supply and resources, the Chinese low carbon way may be different from that of the other developed countries.