Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, Vol.48, No.9, 4274-4282, 2009
Reduction of Bisphenol A Residue in Polycarbonates in a Two-Stage Step-Growth Polymerization Process
A theoretical modeling and simulation study is presented for the design of operational policies for a two-stage polycondensation process to achieve a significant reduction of bisphenol A (BPA) residue in high molecular weight bisphenol A polycarbonate (BAPC). In the first stage, low molecular weight polycarbonate prepolymers are prepared in a semibatch melt transesterification reactor under reduced pressure, and in the second stage, a solid-state polymerization is used to further increase the polymer molecular weight and to reduce the BPA residue. The residual BPA concentration in the final polymer can be significantly reduced by employing an optimally determined excess amount of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) in the transesterification stage. However, there is a narrow window of operating conditions that will satisfy the multiple process requirements of the lowest BPA concentration, high molecular weight, and economically feasible short reaction time. The proposed method can also be applied to optimally blending prepolymers of different reactive end group concentrations for the subsequent solid-state polymerization to reduce the BPA content and to obtain high molecular weight. The proposed methods are illustrated through model simulations.