The desire to improve the properties of cellulose-reinforced composites while producing them by methods as similar as possible to those used on an industrial scale is one of the driving forces in this field of research. In this work, extensive research for determining the mechanical, thermal, rheological, and physical properties of novel cellulose-rein forced polypropylene composites containing a polyethylenimine (PEI) coupling agent was conducted. A comparison of their properties with those of reference composites without any coupling agent or containing a maleated polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent was also carried out. The presence of the PEI coupling agent mainly gave rise to a substantial increase in the tensile and flexural strengths and elongations as well as the impact strength, heat deflection temperature (HDT), melt volume flow index, and water absorption of PEI-containing composites in comparison with composites without any coupling agent added. However, the increases achieved in the tensile and flexural composite strengths and HDT were lower than those achieved with the MAPP coupling agent mainly for composites containing 50 wt % cellulose fibers. On the other hand, PEI-containing composites exhibited, in most cases, larger elongations and energies required to break in tensile tests as well as larger impact strengths, melt volume flow indices, and water absorption percentages than MAPP-containing composites. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 110: 2555-2562, 2008